Types of ransomware attacks
Ransomware attacks can take on different forms, each with its own approach and characteristics. Here are some common types of ransomware attacks explained in layman's terms:
- Encrypting Ransomware: Encrypting ransomware is the most common type. It encrypts the victim's files, making them unreadable and unusable. The attacker then demands a ransom payment in exchange for providing the decryption key to unlock the files.
- Locker Ransomware: Locker ransomware locks the victim out of their entire computer system. It prevents access to the operating system, making the computer unusable. The attacker demands a ransom to restore access to the system.
- Scareware: Scareware doesn't actually encrypt files or lock the system. Instead, it displays alarming pop-up messages or fake alerts that claim the computer is infected with viruses or illegal activities. The victim is coerced into paying a ransom to remove the supposed threats.
- Mobile Ransomware: Mobile ransomware targets mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. It can lock the device or encrypt files stored on it, demanding a ransom for their release. Mobile ransomware is typically delivered through malicious apps or infected websites.
- Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS): Ransomware-as-a-Service is a model where cybercriminals create and distribute ransomware kits to other individuals who carry out the attacks. These "affiliate" hackers pay a fee or percentage of the ransom to the original creators, allowing them to profit from ransomware without developing it themselves.
- Doxware/Leakware: Doxware, also known as leakware, not only encrypts files but also threatens to publish or leak sensitive information unless the ransom is paid. This type of ransomware targets individuals or organizations with valuable or confidential data.
It's important to note that paying the ransom does not guarantee the safe return of files or the removal of malware. Therefore, prevention measures such as regular backups, strong cybersecurity practices, and awareness of phishing techniques are essential to protect against ransomware attacks.