Modus Operandi
The modus operandi for hacking refers to the general methods and techniques hackers use to carry out their attacks. While specific tactics can vary, here are some common steps involved in the hacking process:
- Reconnaissance: Hackers begin by gathering information about their target. This can involve researching the target's systems, network infrastructure, employees, or any publicly available information that might help them identify vulnerabilities or potential entry points.
- Scanning: Once the target is identified, hackers use scanning tools and techniques to identify potential weaknesses in the target's network or systems. This can include port scanning to find open ports, vulnerability scanning to discover outdated or insecure software, or network mapping to understand the target's network architecture.
- Gaining Initial Access: Hackers exploit the identified vulnerabilities to gain initial access to the target's system. This can be achieved through techniques like exploiting software vulnerabilities, using stolen or weak credentials, or social engineering attacks like phishing to trick individuals into providing access.
- Maintaining Access: Once inside the system, hackers aim to maintain access for an extended period without being detected. They may create backdoors, install remote access tools, or escalate privileges to gain deeper access and control over the compromised system.
- Privilege Escalation: Hackers attempt to elevate their access privileges within the compromised system or network. By gaining higher-level privileges, they can access more sensitive information, control critical components, or move laterally within the network to explore additional targets.
- Data Exfiltration: Hackers may aim to steal or exfiltrate valuable data from the compromised system. They search for valuable information such as customer data, intellectual property, or financial records, which they can use or sell for personal gain.
- Covering Tracks: To avoid detection, hackers try to cover their tracks by deleting logs, manipulating timestamps, or planting false information. This helps them maintain access or impede any investigation into their activities.
It's important to note that these steps are not exclusive or linear, and the techniques employed can vary widely depending on the hacker's goals and the specific target. Additionally, it's crucial to distinguish between ethical hacking (performed by cybersecurity professionals with proper authorization to test system vulnerabilities) and illegal hacking, which is performed with malicious intent.